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Objective:To compare the differences in exploratory behaviors between infants with high-risk autism spectrum disorder (HR-ASD) and normal development (TD) infants, and to explore the relationship between exploratory behaviors and the severity of ASD symptoms.Methods:A total of 31 infants aged 6-23 months with HR-ASD in the Pediatric Clinic, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to August 2020 were retrospectively recruited in the HR-ASD group, and 37 TD infants aged from 6 to 23 months in Nanjing were selected as the TD group.The development level of the 2 groups was evaluated by Gesell development scale, and the depth and breadth of exploratory behaviors were measured in free play.Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) was used to evaluate the severity of ASD symptoms in HR-ASD group.Differences in exploratory behaviors between the 2 groups were analyzed by the independent sample t-test and Chi- square test. Pearson′ s correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between exploratory behaviors and symptom severity in HR-ASD group.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the discrimination efficiency of sexual behavior in the 2 groups. Results:Compared with TD group, the depth and breadth of exploratory behaviors in HR-ASD group were significantly lower (55.06±25.73 vs.132.78±44.69, 4.42±2.20 vs.8.78±3.28)( t=-8.95, -6.53, all P<0.01), and atypical exploratory behavior and avoidance withdrawal behavior were significantly worse [18 cases(58.06%) vs.6 cases(16.22%), 10 cases(32.26%) vs.3 cases(8.11%)]( χ2=15.30, 6.36, all P<0.05). Significant differences in the frequency and duration of object exploration, environmental exploration and social exploration were detected between HR-ASD group and TD group (3 vs. 0 vs. 0, 45 vs. 0 vs. 0)(all P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that, the frequency of object exploratory behavior was positively correlated with the dimension of ADOS in HR-AD group ( r=0.40, P<0.05); while the duration of object exploratory behavior, the complexity of object explo-ratory behavior and the depth of exploratory behavior were negatively correlated with CARS score ( r=-0.45, -0.47, -0.42, all P<0.05). The depth of exploratory behavior was negatively correlated with the stereotyped dimension of ADOS ( r=-0.40, P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the depth of exploratory behavior had a discrimination effect ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The characteristics of exploratory behaviors in HR-ASD infants are abnormal, especially the distinguishing effect on the depth of exploratory behaviors, which can be used as a candidate behavioral index for early screening of ASD.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition of severe neurodevelopmental disorders that develops in early childhood.Early identification and intervention are recognized as effective strategies for ASD.ASD siblings are the high-risk population of ASD.A cohort study of ASD siblings after birth and construction of a multi-center data sharing mechanism are effective ways to find behavioral and biological markers related to early diagnosis of ASD.This study reviews the early behavior and brain imaging findings of ASD siblings at home and abroad in prospective cohorts, thus exploring the potential value of brain imaging techniques in the early identification and diagnosis of ASD.
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Objective:To explore the significance of empathy and executive function indexes in the diagnosis and classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:According to DSM-Ⅴ diagnostic criteria, 33 children with ASD, 30 children with ADHD and 39 typical development (TD) children and adolescents were enrolled as the research subjects.The empathy and executive function characteristics were compared and analyzed in the subjects.Based on empathy and executive function indicators, the three groups of subjects were diagnosed and classified by machine learning method.Results:The total score of Griffith empathy measure parent ratings(GEM-PR)(ASD: (0.67±0.64), ADHD: (1.00±0.79), TD: (0.98±0.73)) and each factor score ( F=3.595-10.363, all P<0.05) and the total score of behavior rating inventory of executive function(BRIEF)(ASD: (62.79±7.45), ADHD: (59.47±8.77), TD: (49.08±7.91)) and each factor score of the three groups were different ( F=6.557-33.205, all P<0.01). Among them, the scores of empathy and executive function in ASD and ADHD groups were generally higher than those in TD children (all P<0.05). When combined with BRIEF scale and GEM scale, the classification accuracy of the three groups reached 62.75%. Conclusion:Both ASD and ADHD children have damages in empathy and executive function.Combining empathy and executive function indexes are more helpful for diagnosis and classification than single index.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of sustained low-efficient dialysis (SLED) combined with hemoperfusion(HP)in sepsis patients,and its protection for the kidney.Methods Sixty two patients of sepsis with acute kidney injury(AKI) were randomly divided into two groups.Based on routine treatment,control group (n =31) was treated with HP alone for 2h per day,and combined group (n =31) was treated with HP and SLED at the first 2h,and SLED for the next 10-12h.All the patients were treated for 3 days.The inflammation factors and index of renal function were detected before and after treatment,and change of haemodynamics were observed and analyzed.Results After treatment for 12,24,48h,the TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and Scr,BNP in both groups were all improved,while the inflammation factors in combined groups at 48h after treatment were significantly lower than those in control group,and levels of Scr and BNP at 12,24,48h after treatment were all lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences on the levels of CVP,MAP at 12,24,48h after treatment in combined groups (P ＞ 0.05),while these indicators were all higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion HP combined with SLED in treating sepsis with AKI can effectively remove inflammatory mediators,promote kidney function recovery and stability of hemodynamic.
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Objective To study the prevalence rate and risk f ac tors of diabetes mellitus(DM) of the Dawor nationality in Qiqihar area,Heilongji ang Province.Methods Stratified-cluster sampling method was applied to the Dawor Nationality for the diabetes mellitus epidemiology sample investigation fr om 2001.11 to 2003.3 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College .Results The prevalence rates of DM and IGT were 4.16% and 5.93% respectively,while the standard prevalence rates of DM and IGT were 2.96% and 4.54% respectively.The prevalence rates of DM and IGT were related to age、BIM、 WHR、the history of familial DM and hypertension.There is no significant differe nce between man and woman.Conclusion The prevalence rates of DM and IGT of Dawor in Qiqih ar are high in China and possibly also in the minorities.